Inside China’s Growing Nuclear Arsenal And Underground Bunker Expansion.

••Rapid Development of Concealed Facilities Enhances Strategic Deterrence Amid Military Modernization

China is aggressively expanding its network of underground facilities designed to protect its military assets, including its nuclear forces, from potential strikes. A recent report by the US Department of Defence highlights the country’s extensive underground program, which includes thousands of bunkers constructed to ensure the survivability of weapons of mass destruction and support military operations.

These fortified structures allow China to shield its critical assets from missile attacks while concealing military activities during conflicts. The emphasis on strategic deterrence has led to a significant investment in these facilities, particularly for the nation’s nuclear forces, which aim to withstand an initial nuclear strike.

The report indicates that China’s underground facility program will continue to grow alongside its military modernization efforts. Over the next decade, China is expected to diversify and expand its nuclear arsenal, seeking a more formidable force that includes a range of missile systems—from low-yield precision strike options to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) with multi-megaton capabilities.

China’s land-based nuclear capabilities primarily consist of intercontinental ballistic missiles with various basing modes, supplemented by theater-range road-mobile systems. The People’s Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF) maintains a heightened readiness posture for part of its force during peacetime, allowing for rapid response in the event of conflict.

This expansion and modernization of China’s nuclear capabilities are closely linked to its broader military strategy, aimed at closing capability gaps and establishing itself as a competitive global power.